The main focus of Indian Defence Updates is to curate news for the domestic audience, however
attempts are also made to present important global defense news of geopolitical importance.
Unbanning of Leonardo by India will hit Pakistan
harder
For torpedoes from Leonardo, an Italian firm with which India
has resumed discussions after banning it for seven years, in the wake of the
Augusta Westland helicopter scam, Pakistan is going via Turkey.
ASFAT, a Turkish government owned defence manufacturing firm,
was subcontracted to deliver 8 A244/S light weight anti-submarine torpedoes to
the Pakistan Navy, these torpedoes with a range of 12-13km can be launched from
surface ships and aircraft. The price tag is 9.5 million Euro.
Before India lifted the ban on Leonardo, Pakistan had been in
touch with Leonardo. With India lifting the ban, and New Delhi unofficially
making it clear that the transfer of high-grade weaponry to Islamabad will not
go down well, Pakistan may be left in the cold. Leonardo’s A244/S Black Arrow
torpedoes apart, the Pakistan Navy is in touch with China, a traditional
supplier, for the LY-70 air defence systems and have asked the manufacturers
for a budget proposal.
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Pakistan gets another Type 054A/P frigate built by China
Pakistan on Friday received a modern four Type 054A/P frigate
built by China for the Pakistan Navy. The frigate and its sister ships are the
most powerful surface vessels planned under Pakistan’s naval modernization
program, meant to readdress a conventional imbalance with India. Earlier this
year, Pakistan had commissioned first of the four Type 054A/P frigates named
Tughril during a ceremony at the Hudong Zhonghua Shipbuilding yard in Shanghai,
China.
Earlier, Yarmook, a state of the art 2300 tons Corvette
Pakistan Naval Ship was inducted in the country’s naval fleet. The
commissioning ceremony of the modern naval ship was held a Pakistan Navy
Dockyard in Keemari Karachi.
UK and Japan Join Hands to Build the Sixth Generation Fighter
Jet Engine
Governments of Japan and the United Kingdom have joined hands
to collaborate and develop the jet engine of the sixth-generation fighter
aircraft. The two countries have been exploring opportunities for collaboration
for some time and are vested in the development of future combat air systems
Both, the UK and Japan currently have their sixth-generation
fighter aircraft programs underway, Japan's proposed aircraft, designated FX,
will begin replacing the formidable F2 fighters in the Japanese Air Force in
the mid 2030s.
The signing of the agreement will allow the two countries to
jointly develop the engine for these aircraft. Though signed by governments,
the work will be left by the industries of the two nations, such as Rolls Royce
and BAE Systems in the UK and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and IHI in Japan.
UK plans to invest 40.24 million dollars in planning, digital
designs and innovations in manufacturing in the initial stages of the project
followed by another 268.26 million dollars for building the demonstrator. Over
the next four years, it plans to invest over 2.68 billion dollars in developing
the world leading Future Combat Air System(FCAS).
Indian Army plans Indigenous Searcher Class UAS for High
Altitude operations
Indian Army is planning to procure an Indigenous Searcher
Class UAVs for High Altitude Area operation for which it has selected a local
Indian Private player to design and develop a UAS that will be first coming
from the private sector company.
New UAS will have high quality real time intelligence
gathering and transmission capabilities while operating at a distance from the
mission region. Electro Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar along with
Communications Intelligence, Global System Mobile, and Electronic Support
Measures are some of the systems and payloads that the Army is seeking.
UAS will have All up weight of 400 to 600 kilograms that will
make them little bigger than Nishant UAS developed by DRDO but in the same
class as Searcher Mk3. UAS can reach an altitude over 30,000 feet and remain in
the air for 25+ consecutive hours. A formal contract with the selected
Indian private partner will be announced soon.
Why
India needs to invest in Flying Test Bed for its Engine program, Kaveri Engine
to be tested on IL-76 Transporter in Russia
Gas
Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) developed indigenous Kaveri Dry engine
will be heading to Russia soon to be tested from a Modified IL-76 which it uses
as a Flying Test Bed at Gromov. India lacks High Altitude flight test facility
that includes a Flying Test Bed for its military afterburning turbo fan
projects due to which it needs to depend on France and Russia for testing of
experimental engine programs that are vulnerable to external espionage and even
after repeated demands from the GTRE it has fallen into deaf ears.
Heading
to Russia or some other country is not only a time-consuming process but also
costs a country lot of money since thousands of hours that needs to be before
an engine can be validated can get us a Flying Test Bed of our own. Flying Test
Bed can validate engine performance at 40,000 to 50,000 feet above the ground
and also highlights any serious issues with the program that needs to be fixed.
DRDO
successfully conducts flight test of indigenously developed High speed
Expendable Aerial Target Abhyas
DRDO
on Thursday successfully conducted the flight test of indigenously developed
High speed Expendable Aerial Target Abhyas today from Integrated Test Range Chandipur
off the coast of Odisha. During the flight trial, a high subsonic speed
trajectory at a very low altitude with high endurance was demonstrated. Two
boosters provided initial acceleration during launch & a small turbojet
engine is used to sustain high subsonic speed with long endurance. The
indigenous data link designed by a Bengaluru based industry partner has been
successfully flown and tested during the flight. The performance of Abhyas
during the entire flight duration has been confirmed from the data captured by
various instruments deployed.
The
system has been designed to meet the high speed aerial target requirements of
the Indian armed forces. According to information available in the open domain,
the aircraft is controlled by a navigation system operated with the help of a
flight control computer. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said that the successful
flight test of HEAT displays a synergy between the scientific community and the
industry. The development may be viewed as a step in the direction of achieving
self-reliance in defence, in line with the government’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat
policy.
Sixth Generation
Jets Coming Soon as US China Look To Arm Their Fighter Jets With ‘New Age
Weapons’
US defense giant
Lockheed Martin is reportedly developing a mini version of The High Energy
Laser with Integrated Optical dazzler and Surveillance HELIOS, small enough to
be fitted in a fighter jet.
The HELIOS, which
is being developed for the US Navy, is to be deployed aboard an Arleigh Burke
class guided missile destroyer by the end of 2021.
The US sixth
generation fighter jet, called NGAD or Next Generation Air Dominance fighter,
could be the potential host of the shrunken laser system.
A laser system has many advantages as it provides
more accuracy than a gun and offers “unlimited munition” compared with the
limited number of missiles being carried by a fighter jet.
Lasers could
potentially make the traditional air to air dogfighting obsolete, since a fighter
with a laser weapon could destroy a target instantly without having the need to
do a follow up shot.
However, an aerial
laser is much more delicate and complex than a ground based laser system,
especially when they’re attached to a supersonic fighter jet. Operating aboard
a jet, a laser weapon would require more amounts of electricity and regular
maintenance due to passing through dust, water, and ice particles.
The current laser
in question is the HELIOS, which Lockheed Martin describes as more than just a
high energy laser. The HELIOS system’s multi mission capabilities include long
range Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Counter Unmanned Aerial
System mounted ISR Dazzler.
Navy to prioritize
Tedbf over Foreign Jets and even Naval AMCA
The TEDBF (Twin
Engine deck Based Fighter) program will soon be taken as a priority mission
after Navy decided to drop plans to procure 37 Deck based fighter jets from an
International vendor for operations from aircraft carrier as Aeronautical
Development Agency and Navy are close to finalizing the final design
specifications of the proposed 4.5++ Generation Deck based fighter program to
be called as TEDBF that will replace Russian Migg-29K from 2035.
Aeronautical
Development Agency has estimated that the TEDBF Research and Development
program cost will be around 13000 crores that first needs to be cleared from
the Defence Acquisition Council out of which 60% will come from the Government
and 40% from the Navy’s Budget for which Aeronautical Development Agency and
Navy need to first agree on minimum order unit of the jet that will go into
production.
Aeronautical
Development Agency ADA Navy will settle on 100 units of TEDBF that will be
enough for three carrier strike groups. ADA at Aero India 2021 had said that
the rollout of the prototype will happen in 2025 and the first flight has been
scheduled for 2026 and production in 2029 to 30.
DRDO chief has
confirmed that prototypes of the TEDBF will be powered by the American F414
GE-INS6 but the production batches will switch to a new high powered 110 kilo
Newton thrust class engine that GTRE jointly plans to develop with the Rolls
Royce. In a bit of new development, the Navy has not ruled out the development
of a Naval AMCA that may or may not be used as a deck based fighter jet in very
small numbers.
ITCM
is Technology Demonstrator Program, LRLACM is successor to Nirbhay Program
Indigenous
Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM) is just a Technological demonstrator program
for the testing and validating the Manik Engine / Small Turbo fan Engine. In a
way ending speculation that the subsonic cruise missile program is an active
missile program that will eventually enter production.
India’s
troubled Nirbhay Cruise missile entered service in limited number after facing
years of delays in the developmental trials phase where the missile had a high
rate of failures and had received too program extensions before it was closed.
Later it was revealed that ITCM is a successor to the Nirbhay program that will
further increase and validate indigenous content in the missile system
including its 4.25 kiloNewton thrust turbo fan engine that has been under trial.
But it is now clear ITCM is just a Testbed program that is using Nirbhay
airframes to test and validate the STFE engine that was planned for the subsonic
flight of the missile and the missile will not enter production.
4.25
kilo Newton thrust turbo fan engine eventually will find its way into (LRLACM) Long
Range Land Attack Cruise Missile program that DRDO is developing. LRLACM will
have a range of over 1,000km and can be launched from the same launcher that is
used by the BrahMos missiles that are installed on over 30 Naval Warships.
LRLACM will take off with help of a booster stage and in the second stage will
be powered by an STFE engine for its subsonic flight for its maximum range but
in the third stage ramjet propulsion will kick in for the last mile supersonic
sprint at the terminal stage making it harder for air defense systems to
intercept it.
The
naval variant of LRLACM will have an extended range of 1500km and the Air Launched
variant and Surface to Surface variants will have over 1000km range.
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India
has carried out first official trial of the Pralay Tactical Quasi ballistic
missile that will play a crucial role in the upcoming Rocket force, the fourth
arm of the Indian Armed forces that will be raised soon. Pralay (havoc,
destruction) as its name is exactly what its role will be to strike fast and
strike valuable targets inside the enemy camp while also having the ability to
evade the air defense system due to its non-parabolic trajectories.
Pralay
with help of its jet vane control system and its tandem fins can fly depressed
trajectories and can change its flight in the terminal phase, a ballistic
missile that flies like a subsonic cruise missile inside the atmosphere but at
near hypersonic speeds will make it near to impossible for it to be intercepted
by any modern dedicated anti ballistic missile defense system and impossible to
be intercepted by an air defense system.
Pralay
carries a Preformed Fragment warhead of either 175kilograms or 385kilograms
that will be used for targeting Command, Control, Communications, Computers,
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance, installations, radars and communication
infrastructure. Pralay has a range of 350km with a 1 ton payload and 500km with
a 500 kilograms payload.
India
is also working on a Pralay variant that will be equipped with a W band MMW
seeker that has a lock on before and locks on after launch with 3km detection
range against ground targets like ground-based radars. Pralay will be the
workhorse of the upcoming Integrated Rocket Force due to cheaper production
costs and also since the missile is entirely made up of systems and components
of other missiles that are already in production.
Army
Looks to Buy Precision Kill Systems with 120 Loitering Munitions to Detect
& Kill Targets
The
Army is looking to procure 10 sets of medium range precision kill system
comprising 120 loitering munitions for its artillery units to detect, engage,
strike and destroy static and moving targets with precision. Loitering
munitions are effectively unmanned combat aerial vehicles popularly known as
drones which can continue to loiter in air close to the designated target, when
directed, attack it by self-destructing into it.
Once
launched, the munitions should be able to loiter in the air and provide real
time imagery on the target to the operator on ground. On the detection of the
target, the loitering munition carrying a warhead should be able to strike it
with precision, thus reducing collateral damages.
Indian
vendors who qualify on the technical, commercial and project requirements will
be issued a project sanction order to develop a prototype of the system.
The
future battlefield requirements make the possession of the precision guided
munitions to achieve first strike kill is a must and this requirement is
further fuelled because of the wide spectrum of conflict ranging from sub conventional
operations to full scale war.
Navy drops EMALS for steam-powered catapults to save cost on
IAC-2
Navy has decided to let go of the offer to supply next generation
Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) and Advanced Arresting Gear by
General Atomics developed system that was cleared by America in 2017 for India.
EMALS has run into serious developmental issues and fixes are
still work in progress. The second issues seem to be the cost that is estimated
to be $1.321 billion. The third problem with the EMALS and Advanced Arresting
Gear is that it’s integrated and tested only on a Nuclear powered Super
aircraft carriers.
Steam powered catapults are relatively cheaper but require
insulated piping to deliver the steam and the whole system is bulky and is a
technically challenging system for its crew to maintain and is more expensive
to operate in long run.
Steam powered catapults need to be fine tuned for each
aircraft type that is operated from the aircraft carrier more precisely than EMALS.
Steam powered catapults are also prone to human error related accidents that
can cause serious accidents and have a much slower rate of launch capabilities.
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Rajnath Singh unveils Made in India Multi terrain Artillery
Gun
Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on Tuesday launched one
of its kind indigenous Multi terrain Artillery Gun MARG 155 – BR in the
presence of Army Chief General Manoj Mukund Naravane. In line with the
Government’s Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission, Pune based Indian
MNC Bharat Forge Limited has developed this sophisticated weapon, adding
another feather in its cap. The Made-In-India MARG 155 – BR is the only 155mm
39 caliber gun system mounted on 4x4 High Mobility Vehicle in the world. The
vehicle weighs 18 tons and has the capability to be deployed even in mountain
regions. The gun system is equipped with shoot and scoot capability, providing
advanced technical performance and high integration.
Indian Army inducts indigenously developed next generation Armoured
Engineer Reconnaissance Vehicles
The first set of indigenously developed next generation
Armoured Engineer Reconnaissance Vehicle was inducted into the Corps of
Engineers of the Indian Army at a function attended by Chief of Army Staff
General MM Naravane at Pune on Tuesday. The system has been designed by Defence
Research and Development Organisation DRDO and manufactured by Ordnance Factory
Medak and Bharat Electronics Limited, Pune.
Despite the various restrictions imposed in view of pandemic
over the past one year, supply of vehicles to the Indian Army has been on
schedule. The vehicle is capable of carrying out reconnaissance of water
obstacles and boggy patches for execution of engineer tasks with capabilities
to carry out reconnaissance and provide real time updates to force commanders.
The system will enhance existing engineer reconnaissance
capabilities of the Indian Army and would be a major game changer in support of
mechanised operations in future conflicts.
Construction of 6th Nuclear power plant in Kudankulam begins
Russia’s integrated nuclear power player Rosatom on Tuesday
said the first pouring of concrete for building the sixth 1,000MW atomic power
plant at Kudankulam has begun. In a statement, Rosatom said the main
construction period of the sixth unit was officially launched on Monday through
the first concreting in the foundation slab of the reactor building.
India’s atomic power plant operator Nuclear Power Corporation
of India Limited has too 1,000MW plants Units 1 and Too at Kudankulam, while
four more, Units 3, 4, 5 and 6 are under construction. All the six units are
built with Russian technology and equipment supplied by Rosatom. In June 2021,
the first concrete was laid at the power unit Number 5.
The power units of the second stage are being constructed and
the works are underway at Unit 3 to prepare for installation of the reactor
pressure vessel. The equipment required for the top priority installation at
units 5 and 6 is being supplied now and the construction process is being
supported by the working documentation.
Why PAF’s J-10C acquisition is more to ease pressure on the
F-16 fleet than counter Indian Rafale
The Pakistani Air Force’s combat jet for years have centered
around the JF-17 Thunder fighter program, Pakistani military officials might
boost in public that it is as capable as American built F-16 jets but in
private they seem to be worried about the future fleet that now they are
actively considering procuring Chinese J-10C jets powered by domestically
developed WS-10 Taihang engines to counter Indian acquisition of the Rafale
jets, but in reality, it is more to do with easing pressure on the aging fleet
of F-16s at that their disposal.
PAF’s J-10C acquisition is rather a smart move to act as a
fill gap arrangement before it can acquire another rebranded Chinese jet either
as a joint venture or directly when its available. J-10C fleet will ease the
pressure on the F-16 fleet and help PAF preserve them for much longer in
service.
J-10C in agility and performance is nowhere close to Indian
Rafale but it will act as a better backup to the F-16 fleet than the JF-17
fleet that had lackluster performance over recent skirmish with older Indian
Mirage-2000 jets.
As Safran Aircraft Engines gets busy jointly developing a new
engine with Germany’s MTU Aero Engines to power Europe’s 6th Generation Next Generation
Fighter program. Safran Aircraft Engines along with Consortium of Indian
companies (HALL/ GTRE/MIDANI/KALYANI) have also decided to develop a new engine
for India’s 5.5 Generation AMCA fighter jet program under which it plans to
develop a new 110 kilo Newton Thrust Class but since details of the program are
not available in the public domain, we will have to rely on previous offers that
were made by France.
Safran Aircraft Engines for the last decade or more held
talks with India’s GTRE to develop a new engine that will be Hybrid between M88
& Kaveri engine, that will see an amalgamation of technologies from both
countries. The original idea was to use old studies done by the Safran Aircraft
Engines for the development of M88-4 in the mid 90s that could generate 110 kilo
Newton Class of Reheat thrust and was originally offered as a replacement to
Mirage 2000 operators that were sold with an M-53K that is 95 kilo Newton
Reheat engines.
M88-4 was not considered by French Air Force nor by any other
operator of the Mirage-2000 but Safran Aircraft Engines did try to sell them to
aircraft manufactures like Saab, as a potential replacement for the Volvo Aero
Engines RM-12 (General Electric F404) in the JAS-39 Gripen but that never
materialized.
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M88-4 in concept meets the criteria set by the designers of
the AMCA but this concept is over 30 years old now and procuring them for 5.5
and even for the 6th generation fighter program will mean staying behind the
curves since engines play a vital role in defining a fighter jet in the class
it wants to be known.
M88-4 Core likely will be using a Distortion tolerant fan
that DRDO has developed but it also needs a thermal management system that will
require the new engine to tap into advanced composite materials for its exhaust
system technologies. Many countries are also now moving towards an electrical
embedded starter generator that doesn’t require a gearbox underneath the engine
that in turn makes engine dimensions smaller and that’s what is desirable in a
stealthy platform.
AMCA also requires its new engine to have the ability to go
supersonic without the use of afterburners that will also require engine
calibration to the airframe and high temperature core that can generate enough
Dry thrust. M88-4 even though never went into production nor it was
demonstrated to its full potential, India still wants a new engine it plans to
develop that has a growth potential of 20-30% so that a higher thrust engine
can be developed if required for future aerospace programs.
Since the M88-4 concept was based on an upgraded M88 Too
Core, it’s not clear if the M88-4 core technically will have the same level of
growth potential for future variants. M88-4 concept can’t be adapted as a whole
in 2030 developed fighter jet since the technology behind this engine will be
over 40 years old.
While it’s important that India needs to invest in the new
jet engine program for its AMCA Stealth platform but it also needs to ensure
that the engine is adaptable to the modern propulsion technologies that are
already underway so that it remains technologically relevant for the next 40
and more years for both AMCA and what will come beyond it.
India needs to get its hands not only on the Core Technology
but also on the thermal management system, DRDO and other associate labs over
the years have developed multiple pieces in the jigsaw called jet engines that
should give it enough confidence to go for more since the jet engine technology
after a brief pause is again seeing rapid growth in adoption of newer techs in
this field world over and India can’t afford to stay behind the curve.
