Is France M88-4 & Kaveri Hybrid Advance Enough for AMCA?

As Safran Aircraft Engines gets busy jointly developing a new engine with Germany’s MTU Aero Engines to power Europe’s 6th Generation Next Generation Fighter program. Safran Aircraft Engines along with Consortium of Indian companies (HALL/ GTRE/MIDANI/KALYANI) have also decided to develop a new engine for India’s 5.5 Generation AMCA fighter jet program under which it plans to develop a new 110 kilo Newton Thrust Class but since details of the program are not available in the public domain, we will have to rely on previous offers that were made by France.

Safran Aircraft Engines for the last decade or more held talks with India’s GTRE to develop a new engine that will be Hybrid between M88 & Kaveri engine, that will see an amalgamation of technologies from both countries. The original idea was to use old studies done by the Safran Aircraft Engines for the development of M88-4 in the mid 90s that could generate 110 kilo Newton Class of Reheat thrust and was originally offered as a replacement to Mirage 2000 operators that were sold with an M-53K that is 95 kilo Newton Reheat engines.

M88-4 was not considered by French Air Force nor by any other operator of the Mirage-2000 but Safran Aircraft Engines did try to sell them to aircraft manufactures like Saab, as a potential replacement for the Volvo Aero Engines RM-12 (General Electric F404) in the JAS-39 Gripen but that never materialized.

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M88-4 in concept meets the criteria set by the designers of the AMCA but this concept is over 30 years old now and procuring them for 5.5 and even for the 6th generation fighter program will mean staying behind the curves since engines play a vital role in defining a fighter jet in the class it wants to be known.

M88-4 Core likely will be using a Distortion tolerant fan that DRDO has developed but it also needs a thermal management system that will require the new engine to tap into advanced composite materials for its exhaust system technologies. Many countries are also now moving towards an electrical embedded starter generator that doesn’t require a gearbox underneath the engine that in turn makes engine dimensions smaller and that’s what is desirable in a stealthy platform.

AMCA also requires its new engine to have the ability to go supersonic without the use of afterburners that will also require engine calibration to the airframe and high temperature core that can generate enough Dry thrust. M88-4 even though never went into production nor it was demonstrated to its full potential, India still wants a new engine it plans to develop that has a growth potential of 20-30% so that a higher thrust engine can be developed if required for future aerospace programs.

Since the M88-4 concept was based on an upgraded M88 Too Core, it’s not clear if the M88-4 core technically will have the same level of growth potential for future variants. M88-4 concept can’t be adapted as a whole in 2030 developed fighter jet since the technology behind this engine will be over 40 years old.

While it’s important that India needs to invest in the new jet engine program for its AMCA Stealth platform but it also needs to ensure that the engine is adaptable to the modern propulsion technologies that are already underway so that it remains technologically relevant for the next 40 and more years for both AMCA and what will come beyond it.

India needs to get its hands not only on the Core Technology but also on the thermal management system, DRDO and other associate labs over the years have developed multiple pieces in the jigsaw called jet engines that should give it enough confidence to go for more since the jet engine technology after a brief pause is again seeing rapid growth in adoption of newer techs in this field world over and India can’t afford to stay behind the curve.