Future of HAPS Pseudo Satellite In India? | Role of HAPS in future networks?

What are HAPS and what role will they play in future networks?

The ministry of defence has signed up a design and development contract with a Bengaluru based company to develop a High Altitude Pseudo Satellite (HAPS) which will be able to conduct surveillance operations and support communications by staying airborne for months at a stretch.

The estimated budget to develop the system is upwards of Rupees 700 crore and it will be part of HAL’s Combat Air Teaming System (CATS) that seeks to integrated manned airborne platforms with swarm drones and a high altitude surveillance network.

What are HAPS?

HAPS stands for High Altitude Platform Station, although they are also sometimes referred to as High Altitude Pseudo Satellites. HAPS carry telecom payloads and can provide stratosphere based connectivity to devices on the ground. So far, HAPS have been used largely for temporary coverage, such as during disaster recovery, but companies working in the space hope to use them for more enduring and reliable coverage in unconnected areas.

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What are two types of HAPS?

There are two basic types of HAPS: Lighter Than Air (LTA) HAPS, such as high altitude balloons, that rely on buoyancy to reach and maintain their height and Heavier Than Air (HTA) HAPS, such as fixed wing aircraft.

What are some of the telecommunications specific aspects of HAPS?

A significant amount of HAPS development and testing thus far has focused on how to enable connectivity. Given that the on-board communications equipment is being carried by an unmanned, lightweight aircraft that runs on solar energy, both weight and power consumption need to be minimized. However, the equipment also needs to be able to operate reliably with significant vibration and in the harsh, cold stratospheric environment.

In terms of how a HAPS system works, there is a ground gateway that connects ground base stations and a HAPS. HAPS tests have been conducted using special access to various frequency bands both below 1 GHz and in the mid band (1.2 to 3.5 GHz), as well as at higher frequencies (26 GHz and 38 GHz, 70 to 80 GHz).

Also key to the future of HAPS is the continued advancement of solar panels and battery cells, so that HAPS can fly longer. It is no exaggeration to say that the advancement of HAPS depends on improving the performance of battery cells and solar panels. HAPS represents a network with base stations that operate on solar power alone. The aircraft use solar panels mounted on top of its wing to generate electricity during the day to turn its propellers, and stores surplus energy to be used at night. Because the craft flies above the clouds, it is ensured access to solar power generation. HAPS will be able to maintain continuous flight of HAPS for about six months.

What does the future of HAPS look like?

In addition to connecting hard to connect places and people, HAPS Alliance notes that as drones come into more extensive use, and even electric vertical take off and landing (e-Vtol) vehicles, that can carry people as HAPS will become more important because network coverage will need to extend above the ground in ways that terrestrial base stations aren’t built for. It is safe to say that the HAPS is guaranteed to become vital infrastructure for humankind, making the stratosphere “the last frontier for humanity.”

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HAPS UAV Project, IAF Needs MRFA Jets, Zicron Missile, AMCA Affects LCA Order

HAL rechristens made in India Dornier 228 as Hindustan 228, starts work on hybrid electric flying machines

Its made in India Dornier 228, which Alliance Air will use for regional flights in Arunachal Pradesh, is being rechristened as Hindustan 228 and could soon be flying in foreign skies also with that name as queries for the same have come from buyers from Sri Lanka and the Philippines. 

HAL has started work on drones with payloads of over 8 kg. HAL is looking at big drones, including those that can carry payloads of 200 and 2,000 kg. Work is on two categories – medium altitude, long endurance Male and high altitude, long endurance Hale. For the 2,000 kg payload drone, HAL has tied up with Israel’s Elbit Systems Electro Optics Elop Limited. These drones will also be offered to civil uses like e commerce deliveries.

HAL is also going to offer its high-altitude pseudo satellite (HAPS) for civil use like disaster management and geological surveys. This is going to be a fully electric powered, 120 metre long pseudo satellite. It will reach its maximum altitude of 70,000 metres in a day, stay there geostationary for three months and then return to earth. Its uses are going to be immense.

Russia’s Nuclear Submarines Can Now Fire Mach-9 Ship Killer Cruise Missiles Zicron From Anywhere in the Ocean

The Russian Navy has carried out the first launch of the Zicron hypersonic        anti-ship cruise missile from one of its nuclear-powered submarines, with the Yasen Class warship Severodvinsk launching a missile which successfully hit its target.

The Zicron saw its first launch from a surface ship in February 2020, and is currently a totally unique missile with no near peer competitors. It is prized for its high manoeuvrability, Mash 9 speed at very long range of around 1000 kilometers.

With Western navies still reliant on modernised variants of the very short ranged subsonic Harpoon and Exocet missiles from the Cold War era, the Zicron provides an even greater advantage than its predecessor. The Zicron first entered service in late 2019, and can notably be deployed by almost any Russian surface combatant ranging in size from small corvettes to nuclear powered Yasen Class submarines and Kirov Class battle cruisers.

LCA-AF-MK2: Did the Indian Airforce Squadron requirement went down again?

Indian Airforce is looking to procure 12 squadrons of the Light Combat Aircraft MK2, Each squadron comprises 18 to 20 fighter jets that could have roughly translated to 216 to 240 units of LCA-AF-MK2 that was initially planned.

Indian Air Force chief RKS Bhadauria in his first address to the press had said that the IAF has plans to induct 170 of these LCA-AF-Mk2. Current Indian Air Force chief VR Chaudhari addressing his first press conference after assuming office said he is looking to induct 14 Squadrons of Multi Role Fighter Aircraft MRFA+Mk2 Since the requirement of MRFA is for 114 units that translates to a little over 5.7 to 6.3 squadrons that leave only 8 squadrons for MK2 that is 144 to 160 jets that again is on the lower side.

It seems with every new air chief that assumes his chair, somehow the number of LCA-AF-Mk2 to be ordered goes down. It’s high time that public sector undertakings like HALL pull up their socks and ensure that the program remains on schedule or the order number could dwindle further down if the AMCA program remains on schedule or IAF might look at procuring more fighters from the MRFA.

MRFA Jets should have 5th and even 6th generation technology

Despite all the planned acquisition, including that of 114 MRFA, 83 Light Combat Aircraft Mk1A and the indigenous 5th generation Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), the Indian Airforce will not be able to meet its target of 42 squadrons over the next 10 to 15 years. The IAF chief explained that the next decade will see the phasing out of four squadrons of the MiG-21 Byson, Jaguar deep penetration aircraft, Mirage 2000 and the MiG-29 jets.

IAF is looking at having 5th generation and even 6th generation technology on board the MRFA in terms of modern weapons and Artificial Intelligence. In MRFA, most of the contenders have the 4.5 generation technology. One of the key features that IAF is seeking is the ability to integrate 5th and 6th generation technology. It will be a Make in India model, Rafale is likely to be the front runner even if the MRFA competition is held because the IAF is not looking at having multiple types of aircraft.

Indian Air Force to take part in exercises in Israel, Egypt

When it comes to exercise in Israel, it is not for first time India is participating. The Biennial Ex Blue Flag saw India’s participation, first in November 2017 when the exercise took place at the Uvda Airforce base in Israel. Indian Air Force participated with C 130J special operations aircraft along with Garud commandos. The Egyptian exercises will see participation of fighter jets. In August, the then Air Chief RKS Bhadauria visited Israel, and held talks with his counterpart Major General Amikam Norkin, Commander, Israeli Air Force. He also took part in a sortie in an F-15.