AMCA is not going to be a dedicated air superiority fighter like F-22. Rather it’s more like F-35 in purpose and role. Both are Multirole. Also, both AMCA and F-35 are medium weight where as F-22 is heavyweight.
F-22 is an advanced fighter jet and India has just started own advanced jet development. F-22 is a very secret technology and USA didn’t even export it to anyone, even NATO allies.
AMCA will not be as advanced as F-35 (for example, in aspects
like network centric capability, highly integrated software defined character
and Electronic warfare) or F-22 (for example, in aspects like high degree
stealth) but will be a balanced machine with decency in many of those aspects
which is enough for India’s requirement.
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There will be mixed philosophies like stealth and supercruise
(mainly western) and super manoeuvrability (mainly Russian) so it will be a
unique mix of interesting technologies of various origin (with constraint of
Physics, obviously).
Same happened with Tejas. Tejas is a mix of the best 4 and 4.5
generation features of various origin fighters compacted in a small platform
customized for India. IAF pilots are experienced using various origin planes
and their feedbacks about better aspects of various aircrafts went into Tejas.
AMCA will be a mix of the best 4.5/5/5+ generation features
of various origin compacted in a medium platform customized for India. But, as
for 5th generation technology, there is no previous user experience, things
will be based on technological speculations rather than practical experience
and that’s an important reason why I have said that standard will not touch
that of USA (at least initially) but will be world class.
At the time USA started work on a 5th generation fighter
(beginning of 1980s), they had warplane development experience of about 60
years with two world wars. USA also developed stealthy aircrafts before F-22.
India has modern fighter development experience of around 30 years and has no
previous experience of stealth technology.
Overall AMCA looks close to F-22 with a faceted shape making
up the fuselage. The single seat cockpit will seat behind a short nose cone
assembly with angled, rectangular intakes fitted to either side and aft of the
cockpit position. These openings will aspirate the twin turbo fan engine
arrangement found at the extreme aft section of the aircraft, arranged in a
side by side formation.
Probably AMCA will have almost similar aerodynamic and energy
– manoeuvrability performance like F22 Raptor. The incorporation of 3D thrust
vectoring make AMCA extreme manoeuvrable. AMCA also can with stand departure
resistant’s at a similar level like in F22.
The HALL AMCA has integrated with latest avionics suite which
include AESA radar, Integrated avionics systems, Helmet Mounted Display, Data link
capabilities, infrared search technology, IRST, Electro Optical Targeting
System, Multi functional integrated radio electronics system, Electronic
Countermeasure Suite, Laser based counter measures against missiles, IRST for
airborne targets, Ultraviolet warning sensors and Targeting pod.
The material with which the body is made is specially
designed to absorb radar waves.
ADA, DRDO, Government of India and IAF have learned how to
avoid delays from the experience of LCA program. In AMCA program, the approach
has been changed fundamentally. For example:
a) specific requirement from customer are asked.
b) high involvement of numerous private firms from the
beginning.
c) modular approach for design, development and manufacturing
.
d) parallel teams: Design team (ADA & National Aerospace
Laboratories), Core team for component development that is various DRDO labs,
manufacturing team (consortium of many firms) etc.
The first flight is expected to be by 2025 to 26 and serial
production might begin by 2030. The AMCA is currently the only fifth generation
fighter under development in India.
The aircraft, along with its naval variant is intended to provide the bulk of the manned tactical airpower of the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy over the coming decades.
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