The main focus of Indian Defence Updates is to curate news for the domestic audience, however
attempts are also made to present important global defense news of geopolitical importance.
IAF drops plans
to acquire 21 MiG-29 fighter jets from Russia
Indian Air Force along with the Ministry of Defence has
decided to cancel earlier plans to procure 21 airframes that are in deep
storage in Russia to be later upgraded with UPG Standard kit to boost its
declining combat aircraft strength as per the latest media reports coming out
of the Defence Acquisition Council held recently.
IAF in 2020 had cleared the deal after inspecting the
airframes that are in storage for the last 20 years after cancellation from an
export customer and these airframes were never made into fully assembled jets
due to which they were offered at a reasonable price.
In 2021, Russia had handed over to India a commercial offer
to deliver 21 MiG-29 fighters that included UPG Standard kits that were to be
upgraded locally by HAL.
IAF has not spoken about why it decided to opt out and what
aircraft it plans to procure to achieve its sanctioned squadron. IAF operates
three squadrons of the MiG-29A that were procured in the mid-80s as a response
to Pakistan acquiring F-16 fighter jets from the United States and they were
later upgraded to UPG Standard with extended service life, new engines, and
avionics and are considered reliable in the air defence roles.
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After Defence Acquisition Council approved procurement of six
additional P8I aircraft for the Indian Navy in 2019, DAC in consultation with
the Navy has dropped plans to acquire more submarine hunters and rather focus
now will be on the DRDO’s proposed development of Multi Mission Maritime
Aircraft on Airbus developed C295 Transporter that would include three tactical
consoles, an active electronically scanned array AESA radar, identification
friend and foe equipment, an electro optical/infrared sensor, and other
equipment consistent with the maritime patrol mission.
Indian Navy has a fleet of 12 P8I Neptune and the last four
ordered in 2016 were delivered just recently and have begun operation from INS
Hansa base in Goa for western command. Indian Navy was the first export
customer of the P8I Neptune when it placed orders for 8 aircraft in 2013. With
the cancellation of six additional P8I Neptune, India might have saved approximately
$2.4 Billion in terms of foreign exchange.
Its still not clear if Made in India C295 based Multi Mission
Maritime Aircraft will be supplementing the P8I fleet or plans are to procure a
larger platform and equip it with indigenous radars and sensors. In 2021 DRDO
has started testing AESA Multi Mission Maritime Radar derivate of the UTTAM
Radar for the HAL manufactured twin engine turboprop Dornier 228-200 series
aircraft.
France completes first engine test for its 6th generation
fighter
The French General Directorate of Armaments (DGA) completed a
first test for the development of the engine that will power the Future Combat
Air System aircraft. The DGA announced on January 10, 2021, that a prototype
derived from the M88, engine of the Dassault Rafale fighter was trialed on a
test bench as part of the Turenne defence technology project.
This test is distinctive by the technique used called
Thermocolor, which requires heat sensitive paint applied to the blades of the
engine’s high pressure turbine blades, it measures the temperature thanks to a
color change, the DGA explained.
This type of trial is very rare, It took five years for the
conditions to be ready for this experiment. Once the results of this first test
are analyzed, the project will move on towards an “endurance” test that should
last several months. Each of these advancements is a unique and necessary piece
of a puzzle of technological innovation. Combined with a latest generation
engine, they will make it possible to achieve the level of performance expected
from the SCAF program.
According to the French Ministry of Armed Forces, the New
Generation Fighter sixth generation fighter jet developed by France, Germany,
and Spain in the framework of the Future Combat Air System will require more
powerful engines than its predecessors. Higher thrust means higher
temperatures. The conditions could reach 2100 Kelvin (1826.85 degrees Celsius)
at the turbine inlet ie. 250 Kelvin more than those of the M88. Current
materials are not able to sustain such conditions.
Consequently, the DGA along with the French national
aerospace research center and the engine manufacturer Safran were contracted by
the Ministry to accelerate the development of new metal alloys and multilayer
systems for high temperature applications on turbine blades and disks.
First
export order for BrahMos missile — India, Philippines set to sign contract next
week
India
and Philippines are likely to sign a $374.9 million deal next week for the
supply of multiple BrahMos shore based supersonic cruise missile systems as
part of Philippines plan to beef up its defence amid territorial conflict with
China. The contract would entail an unspecified number of missiles and
launchers, spare parts, payment schedule and delivery and training schedule.
Philippines
has accepted the Indian proposal and is now seeking to sign the contract. They
said an Indian delegation is slated to visit Philippines next week to sign the
contract — the first export order for the BrahMos cruise missile that has a
range of 290km. They also explained the contract is for the shore based variant
of the anti-ship missile system and it will bolster Philippines defence
capability amid increasing Chinese aggression.
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Pakistan
To Acquire Deadly Turkish Torpedo Countermeasure System To ‘Check’ Indian Navy’s
Rapid Expension
In
a recent development, Turkey has followed up on its previous decision of 2019
to equip the Pakistani submarines with its torpedo countermeasure systems. The
Zargana Torpedo Countermeasure System for the Pakistani Navy’s Agosta 90B class
submarines has passed factory acceptance tests.
The
test clears the way for installation aboard the French built submarine as part
of a mid-life upgrade deal agreed in 2016 with the Turkish firm STM for three
Agosta submarines in Pakistan.
A
torpedo countermeasure system like the one that Pakistan is acquiring from
Turkey is a system that deflects the attack from enemy torpedoes. The ZARGANA
Submarine Torpedo Countermeasure System provides quick reaction capabilities,
as well as operator controlled autonomous operation and outboard launchers to
ensure submarine survivability against torpedo strikes.
China’s
Much Hyped Liaoning Aircraft Carrier is ‘Flawed’, US Commander Says Its
‘Operational Restrictions’ Exposed
The
symbol of Chinese prestige and Naval prowess, aircraft carrier Liaoning appears
to have some operational limitations, according to a US Navy Commander.
These
revelations included the details of an image of China’s Liaoning aircraft
carrier taken from the USS Mustin guided missile destroyer during a close
encounter in the disputed South China Sea last year.
The
commander of the US Naval Surface Force claimed the Chinese carrier was subject
to “operating restrictions.” The USS Mustin tailed the Liaoning and was able to
photograph and observe the aircraft carrier.
US
crew members realized that at some point all the Chinese escorts sort of backed
off because there’s some operating restrictions that they had around the
carrier.
USS
Mustin didn’t have those (restrictions). They proceeded in, found a good
station, and sat alongside taking pictures and doing other things for quite a
bit of time.
Why
Vietnam was monitoring “Aakash-NG” Program since its inception
A
Vietnamese air force delegation visited India a few years back that was given a
live demonstration of the Aakash Mk1 surface to air interceptor missiles as
India was keen to export its air defense system to friendly countries in the
region. DRDO also had agreed to provide Transfer of Technology for the local
production of the Aakash Mk1 missiles systems but it failed to materialize.
The
Vietnamese air force is keen to replace its aging mid-tier Soviet surface to air
missile system S-125 Pechora / S-75 DVina.
Vietnam
has been following the development of the Aakash-NG (Next Generation) from its
inception and they consider it way more advanced than the Spider System that
they procured from Israel and recently have been inquiring about the missile
system that is presently going through its developmental trials.
Akash-NG
is primarily a Medium Range Surface to Air Missile system that can
simultaneously engage multiple targets in group mode and can also function in
autonomous mode and has a range of 60km and can travel at 2.5 times the speed
of sound.
Mk1A,
Mk2, ORCA, AMCA: How only Four Types can make up 80% of IAF
2021
was a great year for the aerospace industry in the country since after almost
50 years, the Indian Air Force had agreed to procure 83 Tejas Mk1A jets built
locally in the country.
123
Tejas Mk1A is a small investment made within the country and it is expected
that IAF will be ordering 150 MK2 jets that will be followed by at least 250
AMCA Mk1/2/3 jets by 2045. 2035 onwards Jaguars, Mirage-2000 and MiG-29 fleet
will all be gone and they must be replaced by locally developed fighter jets
like Mk2 but by 2040 onwards nearly 100 Sukhoi-30MKI from the first batch will
due for its retirement and there are room to acquire at least 80 to 100 ORCA an
Airforce variant of the TEDBF that is under development for the Navy.
8
Squadrons of Dassault Rafale should be the only aircraft fleet that should be
made up of the rest 20% beyond 2040 as the transition from manned to unmanned
combat jets might have already begun but these additional unmanned jets will
act as force multipliers rather than as a supplement to the manned jets.
Is THAAD Suitable For
India? Can America's Air Defence System Replace the Russian S400 to Secure
Indian Airspace?
Aside from threatening
the country with economic sanctionsunder the Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions
Act (CAATSA), the US has also indicated that it will cease to provide
India with a number of defence products including Predator drones should
India purchase the S400. Washington has considered offering India its own long
range air defence platform, the Terminal High Altitude Air Defence THAAD system,
should Delhi abandon its plans to acquire the S400?. While THAAD costs
considerably more than the Russian system, the success of the new US strategy
relies heavily on the weapons systems’ viability as a replacement for the S400.
One
of the primary reasons why India sought the Russian S400, a platform designed
with advanced anti stealth capabilities to counter & protect the country's
airspace against China's fast growing fleet of stealth assets & Pakistani
Threats.
Unlike
the S400, THAAD not only lacks counter stealth capabilities but it also lacks
anti meaningful aircraft capabilities entirely and is designed solely to
intercept enemy ballistic missiles. This seriously limits its usefulness to
India.
IAC-1
deserves greater attention. If only Indian defence moved away from episodic
concerns
To
be named Vikrant upon induction, IAC-1 has now begun its third round of trials
at sea. Developed by the outstanding Directorate of Naval Design, the 40,000 tons
aircraft carrier is the largest ship built in India and is certain to have a
significant impact on national maritime security. But for it to fulfil its
fullest potential, IAC-1 will have to be first joined by another larger
aircraft carrier and second be flying indigenously developed aircraft, fixed wing
and rotary. Both conditions are not beyond the realms of reality but require greaterattention than the episodic concerns for Indian defence.
Kaveri
to get its date with LCA Tejas
The
pace of work on the Dry Kaveri engine development as an offshoot of the Kaveri
engine is progressing well and soon it will head to Russia by mid this year to
commence a series of tests that are planned on a Russian IL-76 aircraft using
it as Flight Test Bed at a Russian facility. Dry Kaveri will replace one of the
four engines of the IL-76 and the tests to be carried out up to 12km maximum
altitude and a maximum forward speed of 0.7 Mash and under different operating
conditions to validate the engine performance.
Bangalore
based Gas Turbine Research Establishment GTRE under DRDO is also working on a
new afterburner section for the new Dry engine that will be able to generate 73-78
kilo Newton Class of thrust when the afterburner is engaged. While the Dry
Kaveri engine will be used to power the upcoming Unmanned Remote Strike
Aircraft program, the Kaveri engine with the afterburner section will
eventually be tested on the older LSP LCA Tejas aircraft as a technology
demonstrator program and also has proof of concept by 2026-27.
Safran,
a French multinational aircraft engine that carried out the technical audit of
the Kaveri engine cleared it for inflight trials of the new engine after
long-term issues with its core were identified and fixed in the last few years.
Successful trials in Russia will clear its path to be ground tested with a new
afterburner section that is currently been fabricated and later to be
integrated into LCA-Tejas aircraft for further trials.
Kaveri
engine program already has been delinked from the LCA Tejas program as no re-engineering
program with upgraded or uprated Kaveri engine has been planned for Tejas Mk1
or Mk1A fleet as this aircraft will continue to be powered by American supplied
F-404 engines but there are speculations that Kaveri with Afterburner will find
its way into another project other then Unmanned Remote Strike Aircraft program
eventually.
GTRE
will soon start work with an international partner to develop a new 110 kilo Newton
Class Wet engine for the AMCA program that will eventually also be used for the
Navy’s TEDBF and Tejas Mk2 fleet at a later stage.
India Successfully tests Advanced sea to sea variant of
BrahMos missile
India on Tuesday successfully test fired a naval variant of
the advanced supersonic BrahMos cruise missile from a stealth guided missile
destroyer of the Indian Navy. DRDO said the missile hit the designated target
“precisely”.
Advanced sea to sea variant of BrahMos Supersonic Cruise
missile was tested from INS Visakhapatnam today. Missile hit the designated
target ship precisely.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said the successful launch of
the missile reconfirmed the robustness of the Indian Navy’s mission readiness. He
congratulated the wonderful team work of Indian Navy, Drdo & BrahMos
Aerospace.
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The Aeronautical Development Agency ADA has awarded a
contract for the fabrication of 2 composite Radome to a British based Meggitt
Aerospace Limited. Composite Radome supplied by the company will be used on the
first and second pre-production Tejas Mk2 jets, while efforts are being made by
ADA to fabricate and develop technologies indigenously that will be used in
production variants of the aircraft when it enters service in 2028.
Composite Radome maintain low observability to the enemy and
Meggitt Aerospace Limited are specialists in the design, testing,
manufacturing, and service of Advanced Composite Radome in the US and UK.
According to ADA, Tejas Mk2 will feature 10% smaller Radome to incorporate an
infrared search and track IRST system when compared to the dimensions of nose
cone seen on the Tejas Mk1 & MK1A.
A Smaller Radome on Mk2 will also help in reducing drag by more than 20% that in turn, will also reduce
the frontal Radar cross section of the aircraft. ADA claims that the frontal
RCS of the Tejas Mk2 will be smaller than that of the Tejas Mk1A due to the
optimally designed frontal fuselage and reduced nose cone in the aircraft. Mk2
will be using upgraded Uttam AESA Fire Control Radar with 992 arrays of TR
modules, that is more than 780 arrays of TR modules that will be packed on the
Tejas Mk1A even when it will have a smaller nose cone.
Another British firm Cobham is supplying Quartz Fiber
Composite Radome for the Tejas Mk1 jets from LSP-3 onwards and likely will also
supply for the Tejas Mk1A jets that are on order by IAF but recent tenders by ADA
confirms that the organization is working to fabricate and demonstrate a
locally made Quartz Radome Nose cone for the Tejas Mk1A program also.
Three Rafale jets with Indian enhancements to be delivered by
February
The stage is set for Indian Air Force to receive last four
Rafale fighters from France from February with all of them fully equipped with
India specific enhancements, which will give extra teeth to fight any regional
adversary. It is understood that three Rafale fighters are expected to leave Istres
air base in south France around February 1st to 2nd February
depending on the weather conditions.
India specific enhancements are on Rafale relate to long
range Meteor air to air missile, low band frequency jammers, advanced
communication systems, more capable radio altimeter, radar warning receiver,
high altitude engine start up, synthetic aperture radar, ground moving target
indicator and tracking, missile approach warning systems and very high
frequency range decoys.
On the arrival of the fighter jets, the IAF will test the
specific enhancements to their satisfaction under Indian conditions apart from
verifying the original equipment manufacturers claims as per agreement.
MBDA offers Indian Navy TESEO MK2/E long range anti-ship
missile
European missile firm MBDA is currently offering the Indian Navy
its New Long Range Anti-ship Missile System With Land Attack Capability TESEO
MK2/E, which the company claims has a range of 350km at very low altitude
against all classes of warship and land targets, that relies on an advanced
mission planning system that allows it to operate in congested and cluttered
scenarios.
TESEO MK2/E is Low radar signature, High subsonic cruise
missile that weighs only 700 kilograms that supports Salvo firing and a too way
data link system for target update/reassignment.
The TESEO MK2/E integrates a state of the art dual mode
homing head section including both coherent new RF Seeker with Electronic Countermeasure
capability and Electro Optical sensor for high precision engagement for sea and
land targets.
India tests Anti-Tank Missile in its final “deliverable
configuration”
DRDO on Tuesday successfully flight tested the Man Portable
Anti-Tank Guided Missile. The defence ministry said the anti-tank missile was
flight tested in its final “deliverable configuration”. The indigenously
developed Man Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile is a low weight, fire and
forget missile.
The missile impacted the designated target and destroyed it.
The final impact event was captured on camera and the test has validated the
minimum range successfully. Test firing was carried out to prove the
“consistent performance” for the minimum range. The missile has a range of
2.5km. All the mission objectives were met.
The missile has a miniaturised infrared imaging seeker and
advanced avionics for onboard control and guidance. The missile performance has
been proven for the maximum range in earlier test trials.
The bomb that can destroy any airport in Pakistan
In a major boost to its military strength, India will make a
500kg general purpose bomb in Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur district that will create
havoc on the enemies of the country.
A GP bomb is an air dropped bomb intended as a compromise
between blast damage, penetration and fragmentation in explosive effect. These
bombs are designed to be effective against enemy troops, vehicles and
buildings.
The largest bomb in the country will be made in the ordnance
factory situated in Khamaria town in Jabalpur district. This comes amid
continuous threats from neighbouring countries like Pakistan and China.
This bomb has the power to destroy any airport in Pakistan in
a single attack. Not just that, China’s bullet train will also be able to come
under its target. DRDO has done research on this bomb for the last several
years. After the test results last year, its production has been given the
green signal.
India Issues NOTAM for an Experimental missile test
India has issued a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) for a launch of
an experimental flight vehicle in the Bay of Bengal for the period from 19-21
January 2022. The designated area is 780km that indicates it might be a test of
the Extended range variant of BrahMos-ER But the designated area does seems to
be quite similar to what was issued in September 2020 when the HSTDV cruise
vehicle mounted on a solid rocket motor was tested.
Defence Ministry already had asked DRDO to fast track
Hypersonic missile program and it is expected that this time HSTDV will be
tested without the shield. HSTDV program will be followed by Two separate
hypersonic cruise missile programs under “Project Vishnu”.
Mega deal in mind, Rafale-M takes off from Navy’s Goa test
range, Boeing F/A 18 next
Rafale-M, the marine version of the French fighter jet Monday
successfully carried out a demonstration ski jump from the shore-based test
facility at INS Hansa in Goa to project its capabilities to operate from Indian
aircraft carriers.
Ski-jump is a crucial take-off capability needed to operate
from Indian aircraft carriers and Rafale’s manufacturer, Dassault Aviation has
brought the marine version here to showcase its features to the Indian Navy.
Similarly, American Aviation giant Boeing will also be bringing its F/A 18
Super Hornet to the same facility in Goa to showcase its ski jump capability in
March.
Navy told this is not a trial and the companies are bringing
in the aircraft to showcase their capabilities, as the force works on issuing a
tender for an unspecified number of new fighters to replace the in service MiG-29K.
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Indian Air Force is looking to procure more CH-47 Chinook
Helicopters for which it has started the process to get it cleared from the
Cabinet Committee on Security later this year. India had finalized a multi-billion
dollar contract with Boeing to procure 22 Apache helicopters and 15 Chinooks
for the IAF in September 2015.
The original contract had provision for follow on orders of 6
AH-64E Apache Guardian attack helicopters that were cleared in 2019. IAF likely
will press for 7 follow-on orders of CH-47 Chinook Helicopters that are part of
the original contract. Since February 2020, the Indian Air Force started using
Chinooks at theatres such as Ladakh and Siachen Glacier to assist Indian forces
deployed at the Line of Actual Control in adjourned occupied areas of Aksai
Chin by the Chinese PLA
Is Nexter’s Leclerc tank offered by France a Good option for
India? Where it stands in FRCV?
The FRCV project envisions manufacturing of the selected tank
in India with a ‘strategic partner’.
The Leclerc tank with its mass of only 55 tons, its good
mobility with its 1,500 hp engine and the excellence of its turret and firing
system, is very well placed to win the FRCV contract. The Leclerc is lighter
than most major Western tanks.
The Leclerc also has a three man crew, unlike the other three
Western designs, with the ‘loader’ absent. In place of the loader, a soldier
who manually inserts rounds into the gun, the Leclerc has an ‘autoloader’
device for the purpose, Russian tanks such as the T-72 and T-90 also have auto loaders.
The Leclerc also has an advanced communications system to
network with ground and air units. The Leclerc tanks of the French Army are
currently being upgraded to the Leclerc XLR standard, which would feature a
modular armour package, new combat information system, radios, jammers and
remotely operated machine gun.
China Says they Can Shoot Down World’s Top Stealth Jet F-22
Raptors Within Seconds With New Heat Seeking Hypersonic Missile
Chinese scientists have made a startling claim about its
hypersonic weapons program after a series of tests it carried out last year.
Chinese scientists have claimed that they have produced next generation
hypersonic weapons with infrared homing advancements that the US military may
not have until 2025.
According to the researchers, heat seeking capabilities allow
Chinese hypersonic missiles to home in on practically any target with
remarkable accuracy and speed, including stealth aircraft, ships, and even
moving vehicles on the street.
This could cause widespread concern in the United States when
viewed alongside the claims made by a Chinese military expert.
160km Astra Mk2 will be tested in 2022: Project Director
Doctor S. Venugopal, Project Director for the Astra Program
said that Astra Mk2 that will have a range of 160km will be tested in 2022,
this is the first official confirmation coming from the DRDO. Venugopal also
confirmed that Astra Mk1 integration into LCA Tejas Mk1 is nearly completed and
trials can happen any time in the coming weeks.
Astra Mk2 will be comparable in range to the American AIM-120D,
the latest variant coming out of the Advanced medium range air to air Missiles
family that has been reported to have a range of 161km. Astra Mk2 uses a double
pulse solid rocket motor to improve its range.
Astra Mk2 will weigh around 175 kilograms that is little more
than the AIM-120D that weighs only 161kilograms but a lot lesser than Chinese
PL-15E that is around 200kilograms and has a range of 145km.
Astra Mk2 when inducted will be India’s Second longest Beyond
Visual range air to air missile after Meteor air to air missiles that are
available on the Rafale fleet. India is also working on Astra Mk3 that will be
based on the ramjet engine propulsion that will have a range varying from 70km
to 340km and it is expected to enter the developmental trials phase from 2024
onwards.
